Enhanced electrical and photocatalytic activities in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 through structural modulation by using anatase and rutile phases of TiO2

This paper deals with an in-depth analysis on the role of microstructure phase titanium dioxide (TiO2) precursor in sodium bismuth titanate (Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3, hereafter represented as NBT) ceramics prepared through hydrothermal method. The comparison grain size, microstructure, crystal structure, and electrical properties NBT is carried out using anatase rutile TiO2. TiO2 (denoted by NBTA) displayed superior dielectric ferro/piezoelectric along additional functionality terms photocatalysis. Systematic studies functional such piezoelectric, ferroelectric, stressed far-reaching influence effects size. mechanisms quantitative are also discussed. Grain boundaries volume fraction increment has decreased peak but increased diffusiveness case NBTR). Similarly, elastic stiffness restricts movement domain wall led to a decrement remnant polarization increase values corresponding piezoelectric coefficient fine-grain NBTR samples.